Tuesday, October 22, 2019
A Short History of Bluetooth
A Short History of Bluetooth If you own a smartphone, tablet, laptop, speakers or any of the array of electronic devices on the market today, theres a good chance that, at some point, youve paired at least a couple of them together. And while virtually all our personal devices these days are equipped with Bluetooth technology, few people actually know how it got there. The Somewhat Dark Backstory Strangely enough, Hollywood and World War II played a pivotal role in the creation of not only Bluetooth, but a multitude of wireless technologies. It all began in 1937 when Hedy Lamarr, an Austrian-born actress, left her marriage to an arms dealer with ties to Nazis and fascist Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and fled to Hollywood in hopes of becoming a star. With the support of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio head Louis B. Mayer, who promoted her to audiences as the worlds most beautiful woman, Lamarr notched roles in films such as Boom Town starring Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy, Ziegfeld Girl starring Judy Garland, and 1949 hit Samson and Delilah. Somehow she also found time to do some inventing on the side. Using her drafting table, she experimented with concepts that included a reworked stoplight design and a fizzy instant drink that came in tablet form. Although none of them panned out, it was her collaboration with composer George Antheil on an innovative guidance system for torpedoes that set her on a course to change the world. Drawing on what she learned about weapons systems while she was married, the two used paper player piano rolls to generate radio frequencies that hopped around as a way to prevent the enemy from jamming the signal. Initially, the U.S. Navy was reluctant to implement Lamarr and Antheil’s spread-spectrum radio technology, but would later deploy the system to relay information about the position of enemy submarines to military aircraft flying overhead. Today, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are two variations of spread-spectrum radio. Bluetooth’s Swedish Origins So who invented Bluetooth? The short answer is Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson. The team effort began in 1989 when the Chief Technology Officer of Ericsson Mobile, Nils Rydbeck, together with a physician named Johan Ullman, commissioned engineers Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattisson to come up with an optimal short-link radio technology standard for transmitting signals between personal computers to wireless headsets that they were planning to bring to the market. In 1990, Jaap Haartsen was nominated by the European Patent Office for the European Inventor Award. The name Bluetooth is an anglicized translation of Danish King Harald Blà ¥tands surname. During the 10th century, the second King of Denmark was famous in Scandinavian lore for uniting the peoples of Denmark and Norway. In creating the Bluetooth standard, the inventors felt that they were, in effect, doing something similar in uniting the PC and cellular industries. Thus the name stuck. The logo is a viking inscription, known as a bind rune, that merges the kings two initials.   Lack of Competition Given its ubiquity, some may also wonder why there arent any alternatives. The answer to this is a little more complicated. The beauty of Bluetooth technology is that it allows up to eight devices to be paired together via short-range radio signals that form a network, with each device functioning as a component of a larger system. To achieve this, Bluetooth-enabled devices must communicate using network protocols under a uniform specification. As a technology standard, similar to Wi-Fi , Bluetooths isnt tied to any product but is implemented by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, a committee charged with revising the standards as well as licensing the technology and trademarks to manufacturers. For instance, Bluetooth 4.2 (released in 2014) uses less power and features improved speeds and security compared to previous versions. It also allows for internet protocol connectivity so that smart devices can be linked. That isn’t to say, however, that Bluetooth doesn’t have any competitors. ZigBee, a wireless standard overseen by the ZigBee Alliance was rolled out in 2005 and allows for transmissions over longer distances, up to 100 meters, while using less power. A year later, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group introduced Bluetooth low energy, aimed at reducing power consumption by putting the connection into sleep mode whenever it detected inactivity.
Monday, October 21, 2019
Charles A. Lindbergh Essays - Charles Lindbergh, Aviation
Charles A. Lindbergh Essays - Charles Lindbergh, Aviation Charles A. Lindbergh 10-30-98 Per: 4 Charles A. Lindbergh was born on February 4, 1902, in Detroit, and past away in 1974. Lindbergh was an aviator who made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean on May 20-21, 1927. Other pilots had crossed the Atlantic before him. But Lindbergh was the first person to do it alone nonstop. Lindbergh?s flight suddenly brought him international fame. The press named him ?Lucky Lindy? and the ?Lone Eagle?. Americans and Europeans idolized the young man and honored him. The way this all started was that in 1919, a New York City hotel owner named Raymond Orteig offered $25,000 to the first aviator to fly nonstop from New York to Paris. A great deal of other men tried this challenge but many pilots were killed or injured while competing for the prize. By 1927, the challenge had not been done. Lindbergh believed he could win if he had the right airplane. He persuaded nine St. Louis Businessmen to help him pay for the cost of the plane. Lindbergh choose Ryan Aeronautical Company of San Diego to build his special plane, which he helped design. He named the plane Spirit of St. Louis. On May 10-11, 1927, Lindbergh tested the plane from San Diego to New York City. The flight took 20 hours 20 minutes. On May 20, 1927 Lindbergh, the twenty five year old, took off with his specially built plane from Roosevelt Field, near New York City. He landed the next day on may 21, 1927. Thousands of people came to meet Lindbergh and cheer him on. He had flown 33.5 hours and more than 3,600 miles across the Atlantic ocean from New York to Paris. Lindbergh?s courageous flight thrilled thousands of people across the world. He was honored with awards, celebrations and parades. President Calvin Coolidge gave Lindbergh the Congressional Medal of Honor and the first Distinguished Flying Cross in American history. In 1927, Lindbergh published a book about his transatlantic flight. And he also worked for several airlines as a technical adviser. Back in those days people admired Charles Lindbergh the way that we admire our athletes today. To them Lindbergh was a role model, a hero. Bibliography: ?Lindbergh, Charles A.? The 1996 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. C-D Rom. Danbury, Ct.: Grolier Electronic publishing, 1996 ?Lindbergh, Charles A.? The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1992. Vol.12, pp.290-291 Gary B. Nash. American Odyssey. Illinois: McGraw-Hill Publishing, 1992,1991
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Multithreaded Delphi Database Queries With dbGo (ADO)
Multithreaded Delphi Database Queries With dbGo (ADO) By design, a Delphi application runs in one thread. To speed up some parts of the application you might want to decide to add several simultaneous paths of execution in your Delphi application. Multithreading in Database Applications In most scenarios, database applications you create with Delphi are single threaded- a query you run against the database needs to finish (processing of the query results) before you can fetch another set of data. To speed up data processing, for example, fetching data from the database to create reports, you can add an additional thread to fetch and operate on the result (recordset). Continue reading to learn about the 3 traps in multithreaded ADO database queries: Solve: CoInitialize was not called.Solve: Canvas does not allow drawing.Main TADoConnection cannot be used! Customer Order Scenario In the well-known scenario where a customer places orders containing items, you might need to display all the orders for a particular customer along the total number of items per each order. In a normal single threaded application you would need to run the query to fetch the data then iterate over the recordset to display the data. If you want to run this operation for more than one customer, you need to sequentially run the procedure for each of the selected customers. In a multithreaded scenario you can run the database query for every selected customer in a separate thread- and thus have the code execute several times faster. Multithreading in dbGO (ADO) Lets say you want to display orders for 3 selected customers in a Delphi list box control. type   TCalcThread class(TThread)  private     procedure RefreshCount;  protected     procedure Execute; override;  public     ConnStr : widestring;     SQLString : widestring;     ListBox : TListBox;     Priority: TThreadPriority;     TicksLabel : TLabel;     Ticks : Cardinal;   end; This is the interface part of a custom thread class we are going to use to fetch and operate on all the orders for a selected customer. Every order gets displayed as an item in a list box control (ListBox field). The ConnStr field holds the ADO connection string. The TicksLabel holds a reference to a TLabel control that will be used to display thread executing times in a synchronized procedure. The RunThread procedure creates and runs an instance of the TCalcThread thread class. function TADOThreadedForm.RunThread(SQLString: widestring; LB:TListBox; Priority: TThreadPriority; lbl : TLabel): TCalcThread;var   CalcThread : TCalcThread; begin   CalcThread : TCalcThread.Create(true) ;   CalcThread.FreeOnTerminate : true;   CalcThread.ConnStr : ADOConnection1.ConnectionString;   CalcThread.SQLString : SQLString;   CalcThread.ListBox : LB;   CalcThread.Priority : Priority;   CalcThread.TicksLabel : lbl;   CalcThread.OnTerminate : ThreadTerminated;   CalcThread.Resume;   Result : CalcThread; end; When the 3 customers are selected from the drop down box, we create 3 instances of the CalcThread: var   s, sg: widestring;   c1, c2, c3 : integer; begin   s : SELECT O.SaleDate, MAX(I.ItemNo) AS ItemCount        FROM Customer C, Orders O, Items I        WHERE C.CustNo O.CustNo AND I.OrderNo O.OrderNo ;   sg : GROUP BY O.SaleDate ;   c1 : Integer(ComboBox1.Items.Objects[ComboBox1.ItemIndex]) ;   c2 : Integer(ComboBox2.Items.Objects[ComboBox2.ItemIndex]) ;   c3 : Integer(ComboBox3.Items.Objects[ComboBox3.ItemIndex]) ;   Caption : ;   ct1 : RunThread(Format(%s AND C.CustNo %d %s,[s, c1, sg]), lbCustomer1, tpTimeCritical, lblCustomer1) ;   ct2 : RunThread(Format(%s AND C.CustNo %d %s,[s, c2, sg]), lbCustomer2, tpNormal,lblCustomer2) ;   ct3 : RunThread(Format(%s AND C.CustNo %d %s,[s, c3, sg]), lbCustomer3, tpLowest, lblCustomer3) ; end; Traps and Tricks With Multithreaded ADO Queries The main code goes in the threads Execute method: procedure TCalcThread.Execute;var   Qry : TADOQuery;   k : integer; begin  inherited;  CoInitialize(nil) ; //CoInitialize was not called   Qry : TADOQuery.Create(nil) ;  try// MUST USE OWN CONNECTION // Qry.Connection : Form1.ADOConnection1;     Qry.ConnectionString : ConnStr;     Qry.CursorLocation : clUseServer;     Qry.LockType : ltReadOnly;     Qry.CursorType : ctOpenForwardOnly;     Qry.SQL.Text : SQLString;     Qry.Open;     while NOT Qry.Eof and NOT Terminated do     begin       ListBox.Items.Insert(0, Format(%s - %d, [Qry.Fields[0].asString,Qry.Fields[1].AsInteger])) ;       //Canvas Does NOT Allow Drawing if not called through Synchronize       Synchronize(RefreshCount) ;       Qry.Next;     end;  finally     Qry.Free;   end;   CoUninitialize() ; end; There are 3 traps you need to know how to solve when creating multithreaded Delphi ADO database applications: CoInitialize and CoUninitialize must be called manually before using any of the dbGo objects. Failing to call CoInitialize will result in the CoInitialize was not called exception. The CoInitialize method initializes the COM library on the current thread. ADO is COM.You *cannot* use the TADOConnection object from the main thread (application). Every thread needs to create its own database connection.You must use the Synchronize procedure to talk to the main thread and access any controls on the main form.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Leadership in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words
Leadership in Nursing - Essay Example This paper approves that there are many cities across the globe that is a home for new immigrants and physicians are bound to encounter patients who are unaware of dominant language. This form of language barrier results into health disparity comprising of differential mortality rates. Communication barriers are greatly linked with length of stay in hospital and reduced health status. Physicians and patients not communicating in a common language or social structural features are able to compound a medical situation. The rapid growth of modern clinical practice appears to be a challenge for effective communication. This is mainly because decisions need to be taken quickly and are dependent on history. This essay makes a conclusion that linguistic diversity is highlighted within this report and it is evaluated in relation to doctors working for primary care. The need of language translation is a must for health professionals who are practicing overseas. To be more precise these skills support health professionals to efficiently handle diverse cultural background patients. These professionals even share knowledge and understanding of health expectations and beliefs. However there is a high need for change since interpretation skills at times might not deliver appropriate results. On the other hand, modern techniques have to be incorporated so as to meet common goals or objectives. This study would even analyze effectiveness of organizational change in relation to certain theoretical frameworks.
Friday, October 18, 2019
The Bird Flu in the United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
The Bird Flu in the United Kingdom - Essay Example Sturcke and Batty (2006) report stated that as many as 46 countries have recorded bird flu cases in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. Aside from being a health risk, the bird flu is also a massive economic threat. Freeman (2005) stated that "the UK has about 120 million poultry, including chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese, worth 1.3 billion a year. About 25 per cent of the egg-laying flock are kept outdoors and about 10 per cent of chickens raised for meat are free-range." (Sturcke, J. & Batty, D., 2006. Q&A: Bird flu [online], The Guardian, 27 April, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story/0,,1591620,00.html) Boseley and Watt (2005) reported that after a meeting of EU veterinarians on the problem of bird flu, the British Veterinary Association's President stated that bird flu is inevitably going to arrive in the UK[and] there is a small but real danger that migrating wild birds could bring us a highly dangerous strain of the virus. (Boseley, S. & Watt, N., 2005. Vets say arrival of bird flu in UK is inevitable [online], The Guardian, 26 August, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story/0,14207,1556846,00.html) In a 2006 report, Sturcke and Batty stated incidents of the bird flu virus in the United Kingdom. A dead swan was found in Cellardyke and a parrot died in an Essex quarantine zone. Both incidents occurred in 2005, and both birds were found to have died from the H5N1 virus. In a farm west of Norwich, a number of chickens were found to have tested positive of the less deadly H7 strain of bird flu, which also infects humans. (Sturcke, J. & Batty, D., 2006. Q&A: Bird flu [online], The Guardian, 27 April, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story/0,,1591620,00.html ) Needless to say, the alarm and threat of a widespread bird flu infection has prompted the UK government to take various measures in an attempt to prevent such a pandemic. BBC News (2006) reported that one such step was the UK's ban on imports of live chickens from Croatia, Turkey, Romania, Russia, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Laos, Indonesia, Vietnam, Pakistan, Malaysia, South Africa, and North Korea, where bird flu outbreaks have occurred. (BBC News, 2006. Britain's bird flu preparations [online]. viewed 14 May, 2006, .) The finding of dead swans in Fife and in Scotland prompted government to create a huge exclusion zone to prevent any further spread of the bird flu virus. Henderson, Macleod and English (2006) reported that a 1,000 square mile exclusion zone was set up, stretching from the Forth Road Bridge, north of Edinburgh, to Stonehaven in the north east and Perth in the north west. It greatly expands the 3km (1.8 mile) radius protection zone and 10km (6.2 mile) surveillance zone established around Cellardyke. (Henderson, M., Macleod, A., & English, S., 2006. 1,000 sq mile exclusion zone set up to combat risk of virus spreading [online], The Times, 07 April, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25149-2122749,00.html) Within that exclusion zone, there are found around 3.1 million domestic birds kept on about 175 poultry farms and would require that owners of 48 free-range farms will have to bring their
Inter-racial Face Recognition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Inter-racial Face Recognition - Research Paper Example The participants were briefed at the beginning of the experiment, and were debriefed after the experiment. Bearing in mind that the issue of inter-racial identification could be sensitive (e.g. participants may feel uncomfortable if they fail to recognize some of the faces) the participants were told about the possibility for them to withdraw their data whenever they wish, and also that, if they wish, their results can be removed from the final outcome data of the experiment. Table 1 shows that the Caucasian race is slow in face recognition than the Black race. This means that the Caucasians have some difficulties in recognizing faces of every individual they met in their life. This also implies that the Caucasian have some problems in familiarization. Table 2 shows the Black Recognition time (second and counts) Black formally dressed (neutral faces) have computed F value of 206.640, and the white Recognition time (second and counts) Black formally dressed (neutral faces) have computed value of 52.414 and the tabular value of F statistics 247. This means that we accept Ho because the computed value of F statistics is less than its tabulated value. This also means that white individuals are more sensitive to Cross-racial impairment than Black individuals. This implies that white individuals may have visual problems connected to the cones of the eyes which are responsible for fine detail detection and color recognition. APPENDICES Regression of Black Recognition Variables Entered/Removed(b) Model Variables
Thursday, October 17, 2019
The Strategic Context of Projects Research Paper
The Strategic Context of Projects - Research Paper Example First, the project team must resolve schedule issue. The team must resolve when each phase of the entire project will be started. The same team should also determine when each phase of the project should stop. The team must decide which schedule should go first. Second, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve priorities issue. The project team should decide who will make the priority list. The same project team must decide which portion of the each phase should go first. The same project team must decide with which part of each phase must begin. The same team will decide which portion of each phase will start next. The project team will determine which portion of the entire phase will have third priority each phase of the entire project. Third, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve resources issue. The project team leader will decide which resources will be uses in each phase of the entire project. The same project team leader will decide which sources should not be included in the entire project. The project team leader will decide on the quality of the resources used during the entire project. Fourth, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve technical beliefs issue. ... Further, step two of the technical beliefs issue focuses on forcing the employees to implement the project team manager’s decisions. The manager must implement the best alternative in resolving the prior problem solving issue. The team manager should force the subordinates’ immediate compliance with management decisions, immediately and whole-heartedly. The manager must implement a win-win solution to resolve the current problem solving endeavor. Furthermore, step three of the same technical beliefs issue centers on the team manager compromising with the disgruntled subordinates. The in compromising, both management and subordinates will meet halfway. The meeting halfway step means giving up some of the parties’ original demands or requests. Reducing disgruntlement increases project team output. Fifth, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve administrative policies and process issue. The management should resolve new policies or current poli cies to improve the entities’ overall financial performance. Project team management explains the many benefits of implementing the new company policy and process. The same project team management should reduce resistance to administrative policies and processes by having a brainstorming session. All individuals are given free reign to give their comments, suggestions, disillusionment, and other inputs as a basis for problem solving issues. Sixth, the project team, through its leader or manager, must resolve the project cost issue. The team manager will get quotes from different suppliers. The project team managers will decide to buy the company’s requirements by electing the product or service offering the most reasonably cost. The project team manager must
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)